The 12-lead ECG is a graphic representation of the electrical activity of the heart on two planes. A step-by-step analysis may also aid the clinician in recognizing both the obvious and subtle abnormalities that may help guide therapy. A specific framework helps the reader avoid diagnostic errors made by focusing on the ECG as a whole instead of the individual parts. Using a systematic approach for interpreting ECGs is necessary. Although there are fundamental methods for interpretation, it is important to recognize that clinical correlation with the patient's signs and symptoms is essential. The ECG can also help evaluate myocardial ischemia and infarction, cardiomyopathy, pericarditis, and electrolyte disturbances. This inexpensive and noninvasive test provides a vast amount of information that assists in the diagnosis of conditions related to the heart's electrical activity. Of the many diagnostic tools used to screen for and evaluate cardiac abnormalities, the 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) is among the most basic.
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